Informatics Publishing Limited

K. Rama Krishna ¹, K. R. R. Mohan Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, KL University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Objective: To monitor and control the total area of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) without any coverage holes that impair the sensor node functionalities. Methodology: We propose an exhaustive arrangement, which operates in two phases, hole detection and hole healing. We design our system based on Least-Disruptive topology Repair (LeDiR) algorithm. LeDiR scheme enhances the conventional and the extant route discovery techniques in the network, easing the tasks of hole detection and hole healing. Finding/Improvements: We implement our system in NS-2. Our proposed system implements LeDiR, effectively controls the WSN of coverage holes and successful in implementing hole detection and hole healing. We also demonstrate that our scheme is successful in overcoming both the coverage holes and routing holes.

Keywords

AODV, Coverage Holes, Hole Detection, Hole Healing LeDiR, Mobile Networks, NS-2, Routing, Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Sk. Baji Baba ¹, K. R. R. Mohan Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District - 522 501, Andhra Pradesh, IN
2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur District - 522 501, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Energy consumption is one of the major issues to be considered in wireless sensor network (WSN). The energy consumption problem is usually persistent in every sensor node, which occurs due to the communication overhead between the nodes and other environmental factors that keep on changing throughout the network lifetime. Objective: To improve the energy efficiency of a WSN integrating Progressive Sleep Scheduling (PSS) Algorithm with Opportunistic Routing Protocol. Analysis: The sensor nodes we use are generally battery operated which in most cases uses replaceable batteries instead of rechargeable batteries. The network lifetime will be effected due to the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. To improve this energy consumption, different routing methods are available, which are constantly under research and improvisation. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper we propose opportunistic routing algorithm, where the selection of neighbouring nodes plays a very crucial role. Selection of neighbouring nodes in the network is one of the factors that improve the Energy consumption and network lifetime. To improvise this opportunistic routing algorithm to work even more efficiently, we introduce a sleep algorithm called, PSS algorithm for the sensor nodes integrating with Opportunistic Routing Protocol. Applications/Improvements: We implement our proposed system in NS-2. By integrating the PSS algorithm to the Opportunistic Routing Protocol in an energy constrained WSN, we've achieved the Optimal energy consumption with less energy overhead, which eventually increases the quality of routing in the sensor network.

Keywords

Energy Conservation, Neighbour Node Selection, Network Lifetime, Opportunistic Routing Algorithm, Progressive Sleep Algorithm, Routing, Wireless Sensor Networks.

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Vankayalapati Sahiti ¹, K. Raghava Rao ¹, K. R. R. Mohan Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of ECM, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

With the advent of technology MEMS came surpassing and led to the design of very small sensor nodes. This led to the creation of wireless sensor nodes. Background: Wireless Sensor Networks are entrancing to researchers due to their wide range of ever-growing application potential in every area and have been adapted in order to implement many applications such as habitat monitoring, military surveillance, precision agriculture. One of the major design challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks is power consumption. Analysis: It is crucial in various functions to position sensor nodes in an efficient way in order to monitor the event squarely and deliver the data to sink node. Uneven power consumption by nodes leads to the creation of energy holes, which means that data can never be delivered to the sink on that path. Findings: The sensor nodes located near to the sink node as the precedence, as there are the first ones to get effected due to this power consumption patterns and in 99 percent of the cases the first and the second rings are the places where an energy hole is first created. The main aim of this paper is to develop an algorithm using hashing technique which reduces the power consumption and energy harvesting is done optimally by avoiding duplication of packets in static network. Improvements: The power consumption improvement ratio and the life elongation of the network were simulated using Network simulator tool using the hashing technique and avoiding duplication of packets.

Keywords

Avoiding Duplication, Energy Harvesting, Energy Holes Problem, Hashing Technique, Wireless Sensor Nodes

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K. Madhuri ¹, G. Hari Priya ¹, P. Seshu Babu ¹, K. R. R. Mohan Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, K L University, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram – 522502, Andhra Pradesh, IN

Abstract

Main objective of this paper is to develop a Modified Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MODLEACH) protocol with multiple levels of cluster Heads. Wireless sensor nodes sense the physical parameters like temperature, pressure, humidity etc and send the obtained data to the base station directly or in multiple hops using other neighbouring nodes in the network as intermediate relay stations. The network lifetime and efficiency depends on the protocol adopted by the network. Many protocols were developed recently, LEACH is efficient cluster based routing protocol and basis for many other protocols. Later MODLEACH protocol has been introduced, which overcomes the drawbacks of LEACH. MODLEACH has a drawback of reducing network lifetime due to excessive power consumption by the cluster head when it is far away from the base station and it dies faster. In our paper, we provide multiple levels of cluster heads, which helps the cluster heads that are far away from the base station to survive a little longer and hence increases the life time of the network. When compared to MODLEACH, multi-level MODLEACH is effective in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption.

Keywords

Cluster Head Formation, Multiple Levels, Network Lifetime, Routing Protocol, MODLEACH.

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K. R. R. Mohan Rao ¹, K. Kiran Kumar ¹, P. Subba Rao ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chalapathi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Guntur-522034, IN

Abstract

In the fund world stock exchanging is one of the most significant exercises. Securities exchange expectation is a demonstration of attempting to decide the future estimation of a stock other money related instrument exchanged on a monetary trade. This paper clarifies the expectation of a stock utilizing Machine Learning[6]. The specialized and central or the time arrangement examination is utilized by the a large portion of the stockbrokers while making the stock forecasts. The programming language is utilized to anticipate the securities exchange utilizing AI is Python. Right now propose a Machine Learning[10] (ML) approach that will be prepared from the accessible stocks information and increase insight and afterward utilizes the gained information for a precise forecast. Right now study utilizes an AI system called Support Vector Machine (SVM)[1] to anticipate stock costs for the enormous and little capitalizations and in the three distinct markets, utilizing costs with both every day and regularly updated frequencies.

Keywords

Machine Learning, Predictions, Stock Market, Support Vector Machine.

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